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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">B-DNA</span></h1>
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<p><b>B-DNA</b> ist eine der möglichen <a href="Doppelhelix" title="Doppelhelix">Doppelhelix</a>-<a href="Konformation" title="Konformation">Strukturen</a> von <a href="Desoxyribonukleins%C3%A4ure" title="Desoxyribonukleinsäure">DNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>B-DNA ist eine rechtsgängige doppelsträngige DNA-Doppelhelix, die im Vergleich zur A-Form entspannter ist und deren <a href="Nukleinbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleinbase">Nukleinbasen</a> orthogonal zur Helixachse ausgerichtet sind. B-DNA ist die unter physiologischen Bedingungen typisch vorliegende Form doppelsträngiger DNA, z. B. bei <a href="Chromosom" title="Chromosom">Chromosomen</a> in <a href="Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie)">Zellen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andere DNA-Strukturen sind z. B. <a href="A-DNA" title="A-DNA">A-DNA</a>, <a href="Z-DNA" title="Z-DNA">Z-DNA</a>, <i>hairpin, triplex, cruciform, left-handed Z-form, tetraplex</i> und <i>A-motif</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aufgrund der entspannteren Form besitzt B-DNA im Vergleich zu A-DNA eine kleinere Anzahl an Nukleinbasen pro Windung der Helix, eine flachere große Furche, eine tiefere kleine Furche und ist um etwa 30 % länger pro Windung.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doppelsträngige_DNA-Strukturen_(dsDNA)"><span id="Doppelstr.C3.A4ngige_DNA-Strukturen_.28dsDNA.29"></span>Doppelsträngige DNA-Strukturen (dsDNA)</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Geometrie
</th>
<th>A-Form
</th>
<th>B-Form
</th>
<th>Z-Form
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Helix-Drehrichtung</td>
<td style="text-align:center">rechtsgängig</td>
<td style="text-align:center">rechtsgängig</td>
<td style="text-align:center">linksgängig
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Wiederholungseinheit</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1 bp</td>
<td style="text-align:right">1 bp</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2 bp
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Rotation/bp</td>
<td style="text-align:right">33,6°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">34,6°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">60°/2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>bp/Windung</td>
<td style="text-align:right">11</td>
<td style="text-align:right">10,4</td>
<td style="text-align:right">12
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Inklination der bp zur Achse</td>
<td style="text-align:right">+19°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">−1,2°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">−9°
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Länge/bp entlang der Achse</td>
<td style="text-align:right">2,4 Å (0,24 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">3,4 Å (0,34 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">3,7 Å (0,37 nm)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Länge/Windung</td>
<td style="text-align:right">24,6 Å (2,46 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">33,2 Å (3,32 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">45,6 Å (4,56 nm)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Biegung (propeller twist)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">+18°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">+16°</td>
<td style="text-align:right">0°
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Glycosylwinkel</td>
<td style="text-align:center">anti</td>
<td style="text-align:center">anti</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Pyrimidin: anti,<br> Purin: syn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Phosphatabstand</td>
<td style="text-align:center">5,9 Å</td>
<td style="text-align:center">7,0 Å</td>
<td align="center">C: 5,7 Å,<br>G: 6,1 Å
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Glycosylflexibilität (sugar pucker)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">C3’-endo</td>
<td style="text-align:center">C2'-endo</td>
<td style="text-align:center">C: C2'-endo,<br>G: C3’-endo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Durchmesser</td>
<td style="text-align:right">23 Å (2,3 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">20 Å (2,0 nm)</td>
<td style="text-align:right">18 Å (1,8 nm)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>E. Girard, T. Prangé, A. C. Dhaussy, E. Migianu-Griffoni, M. Lecouvey, J. C. Chervin, M. Mezouar, R. Kahn, <a href="Roger_Fourme" title="Roger Fourme">R. Fourme</a>: <i>Adaptation of the base-paired double-helix molecular architecture to extreme pressure.</i> In: <i>Nucleic acids research.</i> Band 35, Nummer 14, 2007, S. 4800–4808, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm511" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1093/nar/gkm511">doi:10.1093/nar/gkm511</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17617642?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17617642</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950552/">PMC 1950552</a> (freier Volltext).</li>
<li>P. Cysewski: <i>The post-SCF quantum chemistry characteristics of inter- and intra-strand stacking interactions in d(CpG) and d(GpC) steps found in B-DNA, A-DNA and Z-DNA crystals.</i> In: <i>Journal of molecular modeling.</i> Band 15, Nummer 6, Juni 2009, S. 597–606, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-008-0378-9" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s00894-008-0378-9">doi:10.1007/s00894-008-0378-9</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039609?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19039609</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jenalib.leibniz-fli.de/ImgLibDoc/nana/IMAGE_NANA.html">Nucleic Acid Nomenclature</a> (englisch).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. L. Beveridge, T. E. Cheatham, M. Mezei: <i>The ABCs of molecular dynamics simulations on B-DNA, circa 2012.</i> In: <i>Journal of biosciences.</i> Band 37, Nummer 3, Juli 2012, S. 379–397, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22750978?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22750978</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4029509/">PMC 4029509</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. S. Boyer, S. Grgurevic, C. Cazaux, J. S. Hoffmann: <i>The human specialized DNA polymerases and non-B DNA: vital relationships to preserve genome integrity.</i> In: <i>Journal of molecular biology.</i> Band 425, Nummer 23, November 2013, S. 4767–4781, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.022" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.022">doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.022</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095858?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24095858</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Choi, T. Majima: <i>Conformational changes of non-B DNA.</i> In: <i>Chemical Society reviews.</i> Band 40, Nummer 12, Dezember 2011, S. 5893–5909, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15153c" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1039/c1cs15153c">doi:10.1039/c1cs15153c</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21901191?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21901191</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. C. Wahl, M. Sundaralingam: <i>Crystal structures of A-DNA duplexes.</i> In: <i>Biopolymers.</i> Band 44, Nummer 1, 1997, S. 45–63, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9097733?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9097733</a>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0282%281997%2944%3A1%3C45%3A%3AAID-BIP4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-%23">10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)44:1<45::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-#</a></span>.</span>
</li>
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